Performance evaluation of pyrotechnic articles for maritime use

¹ National Institute for Research and Development in Mine Safety and Protection to Explosion – INSEMEX Petroşani Department of Safety Explosives and Pyrotechnic Articles, 32-34 G-ral Vasile Milea St., 332047 - Petroşani, Hunedoara County, Romania
² University of Petrosani, Hunedoara County, Romania

^* Corresponding author: ciprian.jitea@insemex.ro

Abstract

This paper presents a performance evaluation of maritime pyrotechnic articles, including hand flares and buoyant smoke signals, subjected to simulated operational stress conditions. Testing included thermal cycling (-30°C to +65°C), 24-hour water immersion, and exposure to heptane vapours to replicate emergency maritime scenarios. A total of 216 samples were analyzed using dedicated equipment such as climate chambers and controlled ignition enclosures. Most articles operated within required parameters, yet several units exhibited ignition failure after immersion and unintentional ignition of flammable vapours, raising safety concerns. Structural degradation, delayed ignition, and reduced signal duration were also noted in some specimens. These results confirm that current type-approval and certification practices may not adequately reflect real-world conditions. The findings support the need for updated testing protocols, regular re-certification, and independent laboratory validation. By enhancing testing methodologies and aligning them with realistic operating conditions, this paper contributes to the improvement of product safety and reliability for maritime distress signalling devices.